And he brought me into the inner court of the LORD'S house,
and, behold, at the door of the temple of the LORD,
between the porch and the altar,
were about five and twenty men,
with their backs toward the temple of the LORD,
and their faces toward the east;
and they worshipped the sun toward the east.
ezekiel 8:16
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HELIOS IN SYNAGOGUES
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Although evidence now has proven otherwise,
ancient synagogues were originally believed by archaeologists
to lack art and imagery (Goldman 1965).
This belief was based upon a passage in the Hebrew Bible
which states that “no graven images” or “manners of likeness
[to God]” may be created.
Rabbinic literature also contains no mention of imagery
in synagogues (Goldman 1965).
Archaeologists believed that a “Jewish” art form did not exist
(Olin 2000; Kampen 2006; Fine 2010).
Modern archaeological excavations have proven this notion false, as a wide variety of images and motifs are depicted in ancient synagogues.
Common images include pagan symbols such as Helios, Temple cultic objects, and biblical scenes (Levine 2000).
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query: HELIOS sun god mosaics
ancient synagogues
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