MEDICAL NANO BOTS AND ARTIFICIAL LIFE

DUCKDUCKGO - MEDICAL NANO TECHNOLOGY

https://duckduckgo.com/?q=MEDICAL+NANO+TECHNOLOGY&t=h_&ia=web

NORTHEASTERN FACULTY SPARK A SEA CHANGE IN THE NANOMEDICINE FIELD

http://news.northeastern.edu/2016/01/04/northeastern-faculty-spark-a-sea-change-in-the-nanomedicine-field/

medical nanotechnology

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ARTIFICIAL LIFE

Artificial life - Wikipedia

Artificial life (often abbreviated ALife or A-Life) is a field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use of simulations with computer models, robotics, and biochemistry.[1] The discipline was named by Christopher Langton, an American theoretical biologist, in 1986.[2] In 1987 Langton organized the first conference on the field, in Los Alamos, New Mexico.[3] There are three main kinds of alife,[4] named for their approaches: soft,[5] from software; hard,[6] from hardware; and wet, from biochemistry. Artificial life researchers study traditional biology by trying to recreate aspects of biological phenomena.[7][8]

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ARTIFICIAL LIFE - PICS

https://duckduckgo.com/?q=artificial+life&t=h_&iar=images&iax=images&ia=images

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artificial life - wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_life

Artificial life - Wikipedia

Open problems

How does life arise from the nonliving ?

[18]

Generate a molecular proto-organism in vitro.
Achieve the transition to life in an artificial chemistry in silico.
Determine whether fundamentally novel living organizations can exist.
Simulate a unicellular organism over its entire life cycle.
Explain how rules and symbols are generated from physical dynamics in living systems.

What are the potentials and limits of living systems?

Determine what is inevitable in the open-ended evolution of life.
Determine minimal conditions for evolutionary transitions from specific to generic response systems.
Create a formal framework for synthesizing dynamical hierarchies at all scales.
Determine the predictability of evolutionary consequences of manipulating organisms and ecosystems.
Develop a theory of information processing, information flow, and information generation for evolving systems.

How is life related to mind, machines, and culture?

Demonstrate the emergence of intelligence and mind in an artificial living system.
Evaluate the influence of machines on the next major evolutionary transition of life.
Provide a quantitative model of the interplay between cultural and biological evolution.
Establish ethical principles for artificial life.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ARTIFICIAL LIFE

https://alife.org/

ARTIFICIAL LIFE - WHAT IS IT ?

https://alife.org/encyclopedia/introduction/artificial-life/

ARTIFICIAL LIFE JOURNAL

MIT PRESS DIRECT

https://direct.mit.edu/artl

XENOBOTS

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DUCKDUCKGO - XENOBOTS

https://duckduckgo.com/?q=xenobots&t=h_&ia=web

XENOBOT - WIKIPEDIA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenobot

MEET XENOBOTS: THE WORLD'S FIRST LIVING ROBOTS

october 23, 2021

https://blogs.iu.edu/sciu/2021/10/23/meet-xenobots/

XENOBOTS

https://ergo-science.com/xenobots/

Worked under a microscope, they bind these active components (heart cells) and passive (skin cells) together, making use of the inherent tendency of the cells to adhere to each other. The data were fed into an evolutionary algorithm running on a supercomputer after looking at the interactions between the skin and the heart cells. Using said info, the algorithm was able to produce millions of different configurations of cells to check the desired outcome.

MEET THE XENOBOT: WORLD'S FIRST LIVING, SELF-HEALING ROBOTS CREATED FROM FROG STEM CELLS

january 14, 2021

https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/13/us/living-robot-stem-cells-intl-hnk-scli-scn/index.html

WHAT ARE XENOBOTS ? SCIENTISTS CREATE NEW LIVING ROBOTS THAT REPRODUCE

december 14, 2021

https://blog.verzeo.com/what-are-xenobots/

THESE XENOBOTS ARE LIVING MACHINES DESIGNED BY AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM

january 14, 2022

https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/01/14/238128/these-xenobots-are-living-machines-designed-by-an-evolutionary-algorithm/

MEET XENOBOTS: WORLD'S FIRST LIVING AND SELF-HEALING ROBOTS USING STEM CELLS FROM FROG EMBRYO

april 13, 2020

https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/25201/20200403/xenobots-worlds-first-living-self-healing-robots-using-stem-cells.htm

Meet Xenobots: World's First Living and Self-Healing Robots Using Stem Cells From Frog Embryos

DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY which is a federal agency that oversees the development of technology for military use explained that the xenobots could be potentially be used in a host of tasks.

A SCALABLE PIPELINE FOR DESIGNING RECONFIGURABLE ORGANISMS

january 28, 2020

https://www.pnas.org/content/117/4/1853

Most technologies are made from steel, concrete, chemicals, and plastics, which degrade over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects. It would thus be useful to build technologies using self-renewing and biocompatible materials, of which the ideal candidates are living systems themselves. Thus, we here present a method that designs completely biological machines from the ground up: computers automatically design new machines in simulation, and the best designs are then built by combining together different biological tissues. This suggests others may use this approach to design a variety of living machines to safely deliver drugs inside the human body, help with environmental remediation, or further broaden our understanding of the diverse forms and functions life may adopt.

The curious case of xenobots part 1 - Patenting of living machines

january 26, 2022

https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=f794d861-2f03-420c-951b-3c772a0290e4

Xenobots have recently featured in the mainstream media for being the world's first living machines and for being capable of self reproduction. Xenobots were developed by scientists at the University of Vermont, Tufts University, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University. Xenobots are made from frog cells (Xenopus laevis). When individual skin and heart muscle cells are removed from their native embryonic microenvironments and reassembled in a specific fashion, they self-organize into a functional morphology that exhibits distinct behaviours from the genomically specified default. In other words, the frog's skin and heart cells no longer function as skin and heart cells normally would (as individual components of a tadpole's body), but rather they become an entirely new independent organism that utilizes their unique morphological characteristics to enact tasks.